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To cut through some of this confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to separate it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of an electronic concept sort of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you've got bitcoin-the-protocol, a dispersed network which maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's created and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, for example dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first instance of what we call cryptocurrencies, a growing strength class that shares some features of traditional currencies, together with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software developer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, within an electronic payment system based on mathematical evidence. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central authority, which could be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important feature is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It's maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run by an open network of dedicated computers spread around the world. This brings individuals and groups who are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin solves the dual spending issue of electronic currencies (in which digital assets can readily be copied and re-used) via an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can attempt to manipulate a currencys worth relative to others. Holders of this currency (and More Help notably citizens with very little alternative) bear the price.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the supply is tightly controlled by the underlying algorithm. Even a small number of new bitcoins trickle every hour, and will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a max of 21 million has been attained. This creates bitcoin more attractive as an advantage in theory, if demand grows and the distribution remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are usually identified (for verification purposes, and to comply with anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in concept function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is submitted, the protocol assesses all prior transactions to confirm that the sender has the necessary bitcoin as well as the authority to send them.
In practice, every user is identified by the address of his or her pocket. Transactions can, with some effort, be monitored this way. Also, law enforcement has developed methods to identify consumers if necessary.
Additionally, most exchanges are required by law to perform identity checks on my response their clients before they are permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another manner that bitcoin usage can be tracked. Since the network is transparent, the advancement of a particular transaction is observable to all.
This is because there is no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. If a transaction is recorded on the network, and when more than an hour has passed, it is impossible to modify.
While this may disquiet a few, it does mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is called a satoshi. It is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It had been invented in 2008 with an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.